On the occasion of recently filing a doctoral dissertation

There are two primary steps to officially filing one's doctoral dissertation at UCLA:

1. Bring the following documents to Murphy Hall, Graduate Division, Room 1225: The doctoral dissertation approval form, with the title matching the dissertation title exactly; this form shall include the name of the committee chair, spelled exactly as it appears in the dissertation. The candidate's name, too, includes in the precise form in which it appears on the University Records System Access (URSA) computer system. Along with this, bring a title page of the dissertation, the dissertation approval page (not to be confused with form), which is page iii of the dissertation. The names of candidate and committee members must match exactly with those on the final oral defense approval form, which, by the way, should have been sent to Murphy by the graduate department in which you completed your doctoral work, upon passage of the final defense. However, if filing close to the same day as defending, this form may be brought by the candidate. Also, bring printed-out verification that one has completed the Doctoral Exit Survey (through UCLA) as well as the Survey of Earned Doctorates (through an outside organization), both online.

2. Once these documents are approved at Murphy Hall, proceed to the Young Research Library, Thesis and Dissertations Office (on the second floor of the library), and bring the following: 1) two (2) manila envelopes, each containing a full copy of the dissertation, with the approval page (iii) being a copy of the original, which was submitted above to the Graduate Division in Murphy Hall. Each envelope should have a copy of the title page taped to the outside; 2) one (1) manila envelope (title page taped to the outside as well), containing copyright forms for ProQuest (must be signed), a copy of the title page, a copy of the abstract page (remember, the title on the abstract page must match exactly the title on the title page, which should in turn match all forms; they will most certainly verify this).

On Thursday, June 2nd, I completed the above two tasks, successfully, at which point I gave the UCLA Registrar's office the fully-signed Doctoral Dissertation Approval Form, which they took from me; ten minutes later, they returned to me a new form, this one stating, "Let it be known," that I had completed all the necessary requirements for becoming a Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology.

"Congratulations, you're all done."

That was it, the form was in my hand; at that moment, I stood alone in Murphy Hall, finally having earned my Ph.D.

How fitting, that the actual moment included no fanfare, no one next to me, in front of me, or behind me. It just, sort of, happened.

And with that, I returned to the lab and began to pack up my desk. The end of one stage; the beginning of another. One cliché after another...

I also know this all sounds sort of melodramatic: "Ooooo, loooooook, a Ph.D.; what does it mean? How does it feel? What a moment. What a moment? Too self-aggrandizing? Too self-congratulatory? But what's in a moment anyway? And it's not like I'm any different than I was yesterday. But I kind of am. Am I really satisfied, or is it just because I should be? Do I really feel like I deserve it? etc etc etc."

But I digress in trying to present a few of my many internal dialogs of the past few days. In truth, I think, the main thing is I am relieved to be done, and I am perplexed: I am, in fact, as happy as I thought I would be, being done with my Ph.D. Not any more, not any less -- just as exactly content as I envisioned. Strange, because it seems that throughout my life, I usually over-expect or under-expect; I over- or under-speculate. Not this time. I am simply content.

Over the weekend, I signed a single email with the suffix, "Ph.D." By the time the "Undo" option on gmail had disappeared, I wished I could have not done it. It seemed really toolish. I'm not sure what this little personal anecdote means, but I guess it suggests I won't be signing emails to my like that friends anymore. Just once. It was more than enough; in fact, too much.

I guess my final point here is that the occasion of finishing one's doctoral dissertation is no different than any other "milestone" - like graduating from high school, undergrad, medical school, whatever - but there's an added sentiment in the case of a Ph.D: relief, and an acknowledgment of good fortune. Doing a doctoral degree requires research that is ostensibly successful, and I came to see how, at many steps along the way, I was just plain lucky. Things worked -- experiments yielded interpretable results, new insights were made, and stories primed and ready and successfully submitted for publication. Yes, I worked my ass off, but I was lucky. I also had great teachers, great collaborators, endlessly patient family and friends, and an institutional framework that supported what I was trying to accomplish. The United States Taxpayer supported me through my fellowship funding. I am blessed, through and through. Now I am eager to peel away to the next layer. Medical school, its years three and four, awaits, and I am stoked beyond belief about going back to thinking about medicine full time. It's been three challenging years, and now, onward.

It's been a great ride. I'm at the "right" place. Thanks for the fun, y'all. Let's keep it going.

Out of the woodwork

Many congratulations to all the newly minted MDs and PhDs. A specific shout-out goes to ours truly, Chuck C, who finished his PhD at a torrid pace. Chuck, a job well done; now on to the wards and more boards! I haven't garnered any degrees yet. I did finish my first year of graduate school, though, which I'd like to think is a milestone. I don't have much to show on paper for this past year, but I've gleaned that this is quite typical.

As Chuck has alluded to in previous posts, graduate school is a time of personal growth inside and outside the lab. Some times the inside-the-lab growth bleeds into the outside-the-lab growth and vice versa-- I've had a lot of time to think about science, myself, and the people close to me. While I believe that this type of introspection and learning correlates with age and the reflection of our collected experiences, graduate schools feels like an incubator for these personal exercises. This is my personal experience, though. Unfortunately I do not have parallel-universe-Anthony controls. And I'd love to share examples with you, but I can't. It's not that I'm unwilling to share. It's more like I don't know how to share-- I'm in the midst of it.

With that said, I bid this blog adios. I will make no promises to post more consistently. I've already broken that promise. I will post when I can. Till the next time, Anthony.

Spinal cord injury repair update

Reggie Edgerton, and collaborators at U Kentucky, have successfully helped a paralyzed man regain some function in his lower extremities -- both with motor control and autonomic function -- thanks in part to the years of work Dr. Edgerton has done at UCLA in the study of spinal cord "learning," repair, and re-learning. Expect more to come from this work in the future. UCLA is an exciting place to be.

Losing one's voice

Christopher Hitchens is dying of esophageal cancer. Despite his diagnosis, grim prognosis, and aggressive treatment course, he continues to write, principally, for Vanity Fair. His most recent piece waxes about losing his voice, the inevitable result of the cancer interfering with the function of his recurrent laryngeal nerve. But never mind the anatomy, this is a beautiful piece, and more reason that I love the work of, and the man who is, Chris Hitchens.

Not surprising, but still...shocking

Have you seen this? Getting chronic disease management/prevention under control are essential to any plan overhauling health care in this country. It's one area in which "ObamaCare" got it right. We'll see how the pilot projects play out and whether they are fed into mainstream (i.e. medicare/medicaid) health care delivery.

Remembering a photo-journalist

No one life is more valuable than another. Yet people have talked extensively about two photo-journalists who recently died while covering the fight for Libya. Indeed, there is something haunting, deeply saddening about someone dying while trying to cover the horrors of war. In an effort to bring the carnage to light, photo-journalists are not immune to the dangers of their work. Although this is off the topic of medicine, it is certainly a reminder of our mortality and the sacrifices involved in dangerous work; this moving tribute to Tim Hetherington struck me especially hard.

Is sugar toxic?

A perspective on sugar - refined cane sugar (sucrose) or high-fructose corn syrup - and some of the current research into the havoc it wreaks on the body. Worth a read. The research isn't entirely convincing, but again, why take the chance by eating simple sugars in excess? Regardless of whether everyone who eats large quantities of sugar or not gets diabetes, it's not healthy to binge on the sweet stuff. So again, it's worth a read.

"New Normal"

It has been some time since the tragic Tuscon shootings of January, 2011, and much of what needs to be said was covered elsewhere -- the tragedy, coming together, partisan bickering, blood libels, etc., etc. -- but I am interested specifically in Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords' remarkable recovery progress. Anyone who has followed the news since January has seen the numerous news reports on a rapid recovery: holding her husband's hand, following commands, breathing on her own, opening her eyes and tracking movements, speaking, asking questions. It all sounds very good, heartwarming, and promising. Gabby may even be back to work in the House of Representatives one day, and she may run for the Senate seat, soon-to-be vacant due to John Kyl's retirement.

But what is her recovery really like? What happens when the rhetoric (101% chance of survival, remarkable progress, determined, brave, courageous) is replaced by realism? What is Gabby's "new normal"? Though difficult to read, this piece in Newsweek attempts to paint a realistic image of what a life of intense rehabilitation is like. There's no discussion of the Senate seat, and, I think most importantly, there's been little discussion of what happened on 8 Jan, 2011.

And it makes sense not to force the discussion on someone who probably has many, many questions but who, because of the ongoing rehabilitation, lacks the full capacity to ask these questions. But this is nonetheless important, because it speaks to the magnitude of the change in Gabby's life. The New Normal is very different from 7 Jan, 2011.

Although Gabby Giffords' story is one of the most high profile post-traumatic recoveries in recent history, her New Normal is similar to that of a war veteran, accident victim, or anyone recovering from a catastrophic injury or illness, regardless of the cause.

Update: 4/25/2011 -- another piece, from the Arizona Republic.

Offer stands

People considering UCLA's MSTP, feel free to comment, email (MSTPLA at gmail dot com), or get in touch w/ us through the UCLA MSTP's official website.

Man, this sucks

High school basketball player makes game winning basket. Then collapses and dies.  It's a cruel world.

Update (4:42 PM): this wasn't unexpected, but still sad - the deceased player had dilated cardiomyopathy.  Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a greater prevalence and is more often a cause of sudden death in young athletes, DCM can also lead to untimely deaths.

Hockey players get it too

C.T.E.

This week in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Dave Duerson committed suicide last week. That he was a successful NFL safety and businessman in retirement alone justifies the reverberations felt throughout the sports world.

Then there's this: Dave shot himself in the heart, not the head. He suspected the depression with which he suffered mightily in the final years of his life was connected to a career filled with jarring head trauma. So he wanted a post-mortem examination of his brain, believing that he was afflicted with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although the results have not yet been revealed, I suspect they may show the hallmarks of CTE.

Until the results are released, and no doubt in spite of whatever the diagnosis, the NFL remains big business. But what happens in the wake of successful careers is nothing short of astonishing; not to mention tragic.

YOU try the individual market

NYTimes linking begins again.  This time, one well-off, healthy family of three tries to get insurance in the individual marketplace and BOOM, epicfail.

Look, I'm not saying I think ObamaCare is the panacea to our problems with health care. Many of the criticisms (other than "socialized medicine", "death panels", "bankrupt our country", etc) are valid. But have YOU tried recently to get healthcare? Any congressmen/women trying?

Crickets.

Last symposium as a PhD student

Holy crap, tomorrow is the last MSTP symposium I will attend as a PhD student.  Next year, I'll be a third year medical student.

In some ways, time has flown by quickly; in other ways, it's gone by very slowly.  ~5 1/2 years at UCLA, and still ~2 1/2 to go.

I have a boat-load of work to finish in the next few months for this all to be realized, and according to some of the powers-that-be, "productivity" has "declined" over the past few months.  So be it; point taken.  Finishing is indeed a challenge, and in many ways since I turned in the "return from leave of absence" form to the medical school, I'm psychologically had one foot out the door w/r/t being a graduate student.

All that said, I can't complain.

Oh and I get a chance to talk about my research at the symposium tomorrow as one symposium speakers, which is both exciting and daunting: it's challenging to convince people what you do is interesting and very important.  In reality, it's all just another variation on the same theme of nitty-gritty, slow-and-steady work-- character building.

Batshit crazy

Amy Chua confirms what some people have told me about Chinese mothers.  I'm not rendering an opinion about all Chinese mothers, but Chua is clearly, by her own admission, batshit crazy.

And I'm not the only one who thinks this.

Hey Arizona, ur doin' it 'rong...

Gail Collins comes up with a stunning, refreshing rebuke of the idiocy of Arizona's new approach to cut $4.5 million dollars from its state Medicaid expenditures by denying certain types of organ transplants.  The bottom line: government bureaucrats allowed the plug to be pulled on a 32 year-old father.  No, seriously.  This is from a state run by people who said "Obamacare" was going to do just that; when in fact health care reform was put in place, in part, to avoid such devastating consequences of cost cutting in the setting of poor information.

Update (12-17-2010): still sounds like death panels to me.  Wasn't this kind of thing supposed to happen under the watch of "liberals"? Never a state like AZ...

I was, am, and hope to always be naïve.

I hope you think the picture is pretty, but I don’t expect you to be as taken away as I am: I understand that discovering the sight was part of the fulfillment’s process. I take that back, actually. I didn’t discover anything. I just observed some already-well-characterized phenomena.

A couple of months ago, when I just started my PhD training, I saw this image under the microscope. I forgot how much time I spent staring at all the different motor neurons, how they extended their processes to hold figurative hands and pass along chemical love messages. I spent more time taking the highest resolution picture I could, which has been edited to its current state.

If I gave this image to a polite, random neuroscientist, he/she would give me a coy smile and say that the picture was “nice and the TUJ1 antibody stained very well.” If I gave this image to an impatient and nasty, random neuroscientist he/she would scowl at the piece of paper and ask me why I was wasting his/her time: I’m not showing anything new!

I hope this figure will be as stunning to me in a few years, when I’ve read more literature and seen more figures and done more research and graduated with a PhD. Sure I’ll see a lot of similar images; I might be bombarded by them. But I hope to appreciate that the ordinary is beautiful too: because you see it once, doesn’t mean the allure has to fade.

Monday afternoon football update

This weekend in American football:

1. A Rutgers' University student athlete was paralyzed from the neck down after an in-game incident against Army.
Update (10-19-2010): The most recent medical literature says that 90% of patients with complete tetraplegia (aka quadraplegia) at one month post-injury remain complete tetraplegics for good.  After 6 months, there is little change in a person's neurological status caudal to the spinal injury.  In other words, the coming days and weeks will be hugely informative of the athlete's function long into the future.  Here's hoping he regains function.  Also, from what I have gleaned from the news reports, it does not appear that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) was tried.  Recall that TH was used when Buffalo Bills' player Kevin Everett was injured back in 2007.  Although the use of TH in his case is still being debated, he was able to walk within ~one month of the injury.


2. Yesterday's NFL games featured several instances of traumatic brain injuries.

walking, chewing gum

In my recent interactions with one of UCLA's true physician-scientists, I start to get the sense, more than ever before, how this journey is about learning to walk and chew gum...at the same time! Hackneyed cliche aside, I guess I have begun to realize how all of this research and medicine "stuff" isn't so incredibly difficult, but juggling different responsibilities requires intra- and inter-personal patience: transitions are hard, and a deep breath and calm go a long way.  But it's still hard work.

Rethinking traumatic brain injury and its consequences: “repeated brain injury can change your life and your family’s life forever.”

I watch the NFL most weekends, and I won’t lie: I’m mesmerized by the horrific collisions and the looped instant replay that progressively slows down so that I can see faces grimace on impact. After most hits, the players bounce back up, dust and readjust their jerseys, and run back into position to get hit again. After the bad hits -- a lot of the times on the quarterback -- the trainer and then the team physician and then the medics come to the field. An awkward fall or collision can cause a player’s helmet to hit the ground at a ridiculous velocity.

In 2009 Roger Goodell, the NFL commissioner, testified in front of the House Judiciary Committee and did not recognize an association between head trauma suffered in games and brain diseases later incurred by those players. The league promised to “do better” and later that year issued “stricter” concussion guidelines.

Since Goodell’s testimony, the NFL has slowly changed its outlook regarding traumatic brain injury. A sobering poster in team locker rooms acknowledges that concussions can cause “problems with memory and communication, personality changes, as well as depression and early onset of dementia.”

Omitted in the list of concussion-associated conditions is a Lou Gehrig’s-like disease. Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) is a progressive, neurodegenerative condition that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Patients, like Stephen Hawking, are left weakened and atrophied to the point where they can no longer support breathing. The etiology of ALS was thought to be primarily organic. Current studies, however, suggest head trauma can cause a similar disease state. So Lou Gehrig may not have had Lou Gehrig’s disease. A New York Times article reviews his well-documented history of head trauma. Spinal cord pathology samples have shown that others athletes -- boxers and football players -- have been misdiagnosed with ALS. It is hypothesized that the neurodegeneration related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is mediated by neurofibrillary tangles, which are also seen in Alzheimer's.

Whether the neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration are taking place in the motor neurons or temporal or frontal lobes, the fallout is real and serious. Chuck highlighted the sad story of Chris Henry, a former wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals, who demonstrated behavioral changes leading up to his accidental death. An autopsy revealed CTE. Malcolm Gladwell surveyed some of the NFL’s horror stories:

“Mike Webster, the longtime Pittsburgh Steeler and one of the greatest players in N.F.L. history, ended his life a recluse, sleeping on the floor of the Pittsburgh Amtrak station. Another former Pittsburgh Steeler, Terry Long, drifted into chaos and killed himself four years ago by drinking antifreeze. Andre Waters, a former defensive back for the Philadelphia Eagles, sank into depression and pleaded with his girlfriend—“I need help, somebody help me”—before shooting himself in the head.”

The sad stories aren’t limited to professional sports. This past April a University of Pennsylvania football player committed suicide. An autopsy revealed CTE, a surprising finding considering his age. These stories are receiving more and more attention, and congress is listening. House committees are working on the Concussion Treatment and Care Tools, and Protecting Student Athletes From Concussions Acts.

While the sports community has slowly increased the awareness of traumatic brain injury, the US Army has some work to do. An NPR investigation reported that Army officials have denied Purple Hearts to soldiers who suffered concussions following explosions. The denial is not a surprise to Gen. Peter Chiarelli who acknowledges the “ongoing resistance to awarding the Purple Heart for so-called ‘invisible’ wounds.” The Purple Heart is a “badge of courage” and a medical resource: recipients receive prioritized medical care from Veterans Affairs hospitals.

Soldiers shouldn’t need a Purple Heart, though, to receive appropriate medical care. Physicians should investigate the association between psychiatric and neurological conditions and traumatic brain injury. Soldiers should be warned of the risks. And the institutions should provide the appropriate medical and social resources. The consequences of traumatic brain injury do not happen overnight.

Friday food for thought

Med students/schools ur doin' it wrong.  Some ideas.  I'm too tired to have an opinion right now.

It gets better

Advice columnist and openly gay activist Dan Savage found himself so moved by the recent suicide of a 15 year-old, bullied and picked-on boy in Indiana, that he started a youtube channel called the "It gets better project."  It's wonderful to see multimedia having potentially life-saving effects; and in the young (particularly openly gay or lesbian), suicide is a leading cause of death.

The creepy cashier and lessons in a heteronormative society

On the occasion of the United States Senate filibustering a repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" I thought I would share an anecdote from several weeks ago.

I waited in line at the grocery store as the middle-old aged clerk (65-70 years old) struck up this conversation with the young daughter (~6 years old) of a woman buying groceries ahead of me:

Clerk: Hello there young lady.  Do you have a boyfriend?

Girl: No. [giggles, looks away.]

Clerk: Do you want to have a boyfriend?

Girl: I don't know. Maybe.  [looks away]

Clerk: Will you be my boyfriend?

Girl: NO!

Clerk: Why not? You'll get free groceries...

Girl: No.  [looks away].

Clerk: How about this, I'll give you a week to decide.

[Genuinely amused, the mother shakes her head, mumbles a few words about the girl being high maintenance, and then looks up as she hears her daughter, upon leaving yell:

Girl: Good luck, sucker!

Now, I laughed too.  The clerk was just silly. The girl was predictable.  The mother was amused.  And I got to thinking, would people have reacted this way had the girl instead been a boy?  What if the elder clerk was in fact a homosexual, and thus innocently struck up the same conversation with the woman's son.  I doubt anyone (I included) would have acted the same way.  People would say, "Oh, how dare he try to make her son GAY!" "God, he's such a creepy molester!" "What is he, a Catholic priest or something?"  In other words, they are afraid of such behavior, because it might influence the boy.  It might shatter his world view of boys + girls = love.  Quite simply, when the heterosexual "norm" of our society is enforced, even by slightly creepy, but good-natured clerks, we all laugh and move on.  Because we think that society is grooming everyone to be either gay or straight.  Straight is ok.  Gay? No homo.

I doubt it's so straightforward that society's influences play such a large role.  If they did, we wouldn't have had people identify with homosexuality in the dark ages of sexual identity (pre-gay rights/civil rights movement, which is by the way ongoing: see the link above).

I hope my (future) children grow up in a world that embraces both the straight and the gay clerk.  I have enough faith they will know how to figure out their own sexual identity, regardless of some old grocery store clerk's influence.

Kids and antipsychotics

I read bits and pieces of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV” (DSM-IV) during medical school, which was an informative yet frustrating experience: one that I would like to revisit and expand upon when DSM-V is released. My understanding of psychiatric illnesses and their diagnoses and treatments is extremely limited. I can only imagine how difficult it is to care for some psychiatric patients, let alone, children.

Enter Kyle. The NYTimes paints a grim portrait of his struggle with antipsychotic drugs:

“Kyle’s third birthday photo shows a pink-cheeked boy who had ballooned to 49 pounds.”

“Kyle smiles at the camera. He is sedated.”

“He was sedated, drooling and overweight…”

Kyle isn’t alone.

“Texas Medicaid data ... showed a record $96 million was spent last year on antipsychotic drugs for teenagers and children — including three unidentified infants who were given the drugs before their first birthdays.”

Kyle and other children from low-income families “were four times as likely as the privately insured to receive antipsychotic medicines” because it is “cheaper” than psychotherapy, according to a Rutgers U. study.

I wonder what things are like in the prison systems.

20-Somethings

This piece about "20 somethings" and the movement toward recognizing one's 20s as a period unique - not adolescence, not true adulthood - is worth a read, especially if you're a 20-something.

In a way, doing extended post-college schooling may provide exactly what 20-somethings need: a transitional phase, gradually introducing more responsibility, life choices, and adult activities.

Who knows? As for me, I feel as though I identify much more with a "20-something" than a "young adult."

I know what I would want...

Early palliative care with usual treatment.  As the piece by Atul Gawande (linked to in Anthony's earlier post) suggested, early palliative care (hospice) reduced the costs of care, without negatively affecting patient outcomes.  Now this NEJM-published study on metastatic lung cancer shows that it even extends the lives of terminally ill patients.

WTF is up with...

1. Counseling on a patients' goals of care/end of life wishes/advance directives = "Death Panels" ?

2. Building a Islamic community center (which includes a prayer center; by a subdivision of Islam which has NEVER been supportive of or involved in terrorism) two blocks from the former WTC site in lower Manhatten = "Ground Zero 9/11 Victory Mosque" ?




People babble over issues of which they have no understanding.  And worse, they don't even try to understand.  They just babble.


::sigh::

As you know end-of-life care is a big deal...

... that can improve quality of life for dying patients and save the government a lot of money. Chuck C has written about the so-called “death panels”; the NYTimes and other news outlets have expanded the dialogue; now Atul Gawande has written an essay for the New Yorker.

I’d like to focus on one particular part of Gawande’s essay, where he refers to Stephen Jay Gould’s remarkable recovery from abdominal mesothelioma, which inspired Gould’s essay “The Median Isn’t the Message.”

Gould beat a normally lethal cancer. He is the exemplar patient that all physicians would like to have and treat. Gawande admits this sentiment himself:

I think of Gould and his essay every time I have a patient with a terminal illness. There is almost always a long tail of possibility, however thin. What’s wrong with looking for it? Nothing, it seems to me, unless it means we have failed to prepare for the outcome that’s vastly more probable. The trouble is that we’ve built our medical system and culture around the long tail. We’ve created a multitrillion-dollar edifice for dispensing the medical equivalent of lottery tickets—and have only the rudiments of a system to prepare patients for the near-certainty that those tickets will not win. Hope is not a plan, but hope is our plan.

The reality, as Gawande alludes to, is grim: optimistic hope in sexy, new treatments against diseases that we don’t completely understand. The grim reality, though, funds our futures as physician-scientists. A lot of basic research in a lot of different fields is needed to know which patients will benefit from which treatments. And some times the treatments will be palliative.

Gould studied patient-survival curves. He saw “himself surviving far out in that long tail.” But what does it mean to be in the “long tail”? People are hard at working doing this, particularly with breast and prostate cancer.

First day for first years

Welcome, first years.  On the first day of orientation, we at mstpla.blogspot.com welcome you to the UCLA MSTP.  This is a great city, school, and program.  Here's to productive MD/PhD training!

Longevity, with disparities

The two sentence, data-filled abstract of this article says it all.

"The Advantage of Being Helpless"

Is the human brain as advanced, in part, because of how slowly it develops?  New research suggests maybe so.


Updated, 7/21/2010: Title changed from "The Advantage of Being Hapless" to "The Advantage of Being Helpless." At least I didn't make up a word like "refudiate."

Preventative tests at no cost

Sometimes I wonder whether this blog is simply a link-dump for NYTimes articles.  But nevertheless, here goes:

New rules from the U.S. Government's Executive Branch that insurance companies will be required to cover all costs associated with basic preventative and diagnostic medical tests.  Good news indeed.  Will save the ~100k lives, as quoted in the article and will probably also lower costs.  This, like many other things, is incremental, but it's another notch on the belt.

Challenges, frustrations

Challenges and frustrations -- especially the kind that infuriate us -- tend to provide us with "teachable moments."

That is, if we're ready to learn.

Being ready is easier said than done.

This week in WTF

I'm speechless.

Hospitals as efficient factories of healing

This is so cool!  Taking the genius/efficient/successful and DATA-DRIVEN approach to running companies and making hospitals operate more smoothly is long overdue.

I’m glad I visited Arizona before July 29, 2010…

You’ve probably heard that the federal government is filing suit against the state of Arizona. This isn’t the first time federal authority has found the need to “pre-empt state law when the federal interest is dominant and where there already exists a system of federal regulations.” It happened in our great state of California after our great citizens passed Prop 187 in 1994. I’m trying to imagine institutions like UCLA delaying care “until the legal status of that person has been verified" or holding workshops (like the ones Arizona policemen are receiving right now) to generate suspicion. It’s mind-blowing, really.

“Concerning the Interview”

Mark Twain wrote an autobiography. But he requested a 100-year posthumous release. UC Berkley will soon publish his autobiography, along with many essays, including “Concerning the Interview.”

The interview is an important, whacky, at-times-stressful component of the MD-PhD application process. It is an opportunity for applicants to distinguish themselves (for better or worse) from a crowd of incredibly promising applicants. While Twain’s perspective as the interviewee is astronomically different than the prospective MD-PhD student’s perspective (try saying that ten times fast), his comments deserve some serious thought.

“The Interview was not a happy invention. It is perhaps the poorest of all ways of getting at what is in a man.”

Amen. On the interview day, schools like to lighten tone by saying, “Oh, the interview is a way for us to get to know you,” when in reality, the interview is an interaction that has been repeated over so many times (in past interviews or in front of the mirror or good friends) that it is essentially a rehearsed exercised: aka The Shpeel. I guess an interview is better than nothing. But I imagine there are moments when interviewees yield shadows of themselves in the wrong light (again for better or worse).

“You know by experience that there is no choice between these disasters. No matter which he puts in, you will see at a glance that it would have been better if he had put in the other: not that the other would have been better than this, but merely that it wouldn't have been this; and any change must be, and would be, an improvement, though in reality you know very well it wouldn't. I may not make myself clear: if that is so, then I have made myself clear--a thing which could not be done except by not making myself clear, since what I am trying to show is what you feel at such a time, not what you think--for you don't think; it is not an intellectual operation; it is only a going around in a confused circle with your head off. You only wish in a dumb way that you hadn't done it, though really you don't know which it is you wish you hadn't done, and moreover you don't care: that is not the point; you simply wish you hadn't done it, whichever it is; done what, is a matter of minor importance and hasn't anything to do with the case. You get at what I mean? You have felt that way?”

Give this some time. The first time I read it, I scratched my head. I’ve read it a few more times, and I’m not sure whether I really understand it. Perhaps that is the point (read: “it is not an intellectual operation”), and I’m empathizing with the experience, which I imagine is more generalizable, beyond the scope of just an interview. I personally found that the application process had me “going around in a confused circle with your head off,” especially when I thought too hard about questions that are unanswerable but unavoidable on ye-good-olde interview trail. The most blaring example was “Why MD-PhD?” I had answers to questions like this. They were tailored to fit my portfolio. But the deeper questions found ways to pop up. What did I do? Acknowledge them, and let them be. As if they were going anywhere. Hehe. And this abstraction segues into the last quotation that I will torture you with:

“Yes, you are afraid of the interviewer, and that is not an inspiration. You close your shell; you put yourself on your guard; you try to be colorless; you try to be crafty, and talk all around a matter without saying anything: and when you see it in print, it makes you sick to see how well you succeeded.”

(N.B. that I was not sick with success, unlike Mark Twain; but his zinger was too good to exclude.)

Now read the first quotation I provided. I’m not trying to be a Debbie Downer; I’m not trying to be jaded or pessimistic; but maybe these characteristics are seeping through my attempts at realism. And that reality also includes the many fun moments of the interview trail, like eating good food with the new friends and colleagues I met in the big or small city that I had never been to before. Ye-good-olde interview trail is an experience. “You get at what I mean?”

"If Homelessness Were Genetic"

I strongly recommend this deeply moving, thought-provoking, and beautiful poem, pondering what might happen to how we "treat" homeless individuals if they suffered from the genetic disorder of "homelessness."  This being instead of the status quo, where we do little to ascertain the causes and effective treatments (or solutions) for homeless persons.  I really have nothing else to say, other than read it!

The plot continues to thicken...

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is the name researchers have given to the pathological changes associated with repeated blows to the head, e.g. those from playing in the National Football League.  In the news today are the results of a post-mortem analysis of 26 year-old Chris Henry's brain.  Henry, who died in what was deemed an accident -- falling out of a moving pick-up truck during a domestic dispute, was said to have the tangles and plaques deemed pathognomonic for CTE.  At some point, the NFL will properly explore this and more fully fund research into it.  Until then, the Super Bowls and Sunday NFL marathons will continue.  You know, the band kept playing on the Titanic too.

[Also, I'd be curious as to what the brains of other football (a.k.a. "soccer") players look like.  "Headers" don't seem like benign meetings of the cranium and ball to me...something my mother worried mightily about when my sisters and I used to play organized soccer in our youth.]

Alzheimer’s and the NYTimes revisited

Chuck C highlighted a NYTimes article about familial Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Today I read a NYTimes article about the use of PET probes to identify AD.

Familial AD has guided current thinking re. the pathophysiology of AD: i.e. the role of amyloid plaques. The three genes implicated are amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 and 2. It is hypothesized that amyloid beta proteins (in particular aβ42) aggregate – and to make a long and complicated and continuously changing story short – cause inflammation and havoc that results in neuron loss. The cortical and subcortical neuron loss manifests as cognitive impairment and dementia, which are the basis for the clinical diagnosis.

Clinical diagnoses are imperfect. The push for markers is strong and lucrative. The NYTimes article that I mentioned earlier highlights the work of Daniel Skovronsky (who is an MD, PhD in industry) and the development of a F18 PET probe targeted against amyloid plaques. In short, the probe identified amyloid plaques that were confirmed in post-mortem autopsies. The work is a technical advancement over the prior C11 amyloid probe. I don’t know the probe’s sensitivity or specificity. And remember that the gold standard is a post-mortem autopsy staining for amyloid plaques.

Amyloid plaques may not be the whole story, though. Transgenic mice that express “abundant” amyloid plaques did not show a strong correlation with neuron loss, in particular the hippocampus. Individuals vaccinated against aβ42 cleared amyloid plaques, but the effects did not protect against neurodegeneration. Other hypothesized processes include i) hyper-phosphorylated tau mediating the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, ii) a decrease in acetylcholine synthesis, and iii) the loss of locus ceruleus neurons that synthesize norepinephrine. The complicated picture correlates with the current understanding of most AD cases, which are sporadic. Out of the many genes screened for associations with sporadic AD, APOE4 is the strongest risk factor. There are probably many more unknown protective and risk factors.

Skovronsky’s probe and other probes (including the ones tested here at UCLA) are baby steps in the right direction. Non-invasive, laboratory diagnostic tests are the holy grail of neurological and psychiatric diseases. And besides their diagnostic applications, in-vivo imagining has the potential to delineate amyloid and tau’s contributions toward the pathology and progression of AD. The NYTimes article states that “20 percent of people over 60 with normal memories had plaque”; these patients “were still statistically in the normal range,” and they “did worse on every memory test than the control group.” What does this mean? I smell longer studies.

But even more lucrative than diagnostic tests are pharmacological treatments. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (e.g. donepezil) and NMDA agonists (e.g. memantine) are symptomatic treatments only. I imagine pharmaceuticals have been salivating for some time… Meanwhile, the basic science must continue! Here is some bed-time reading.

Why Medicine?

It is personal statement season, and 2011 med school applicants are faced with the daunting task of answering the question, "Why do you want to go to medical school?"

Tough question to answer in 5300 characters or fewer.  Not sure I ever wrote a good personal statement, or that I could in the future.  Two years from now I will have to, for residency.

Something to look forward to.

And then there's always the wisdom of this guy, talking to graduates at Stanford recently.  If you acknowledge that the practice of medicine needs to, and is, changing, maybe the field is for you.  Or maybe it is not.

Paper writing...

...tires me out.  So does thinking about this.  And this.

A health plan, 2 bucks a year

I'm not passing judgment one way or another about Rwanda's national health plan, but it strikes me as a positive start and model for health care in developing African nations.  It's interesting how some basic and dirt cheap measures are apparently  improving outcomes for Rwandans...

When the “Step One Adventure” (SOA) began...

... I considered posting updates, which sounded like a good idea, i.e. until I realized that most of my writing would be filled with angst and more angst. A little time has provided an emotional buffer, and I feel a somewhat comfortable providing commentary.

If you’ve taken SO, you know what I am talking about. If you plan on taking SO, you will soon. For everyone else, don’t worry: you aren’t missing out. Here are the cliff notes.

In a tiny little carrel on the eight floor of a building called “the Stacks,” I spent most of my day reading through “First Aid,” “BRS Pathology,” and “Rapid Review Pathology,” while doing USMLE World questions. Midway through my studying, I fled the stacks for my parent’s home. I drank better coffee, ate home-cooked meals, finished a first pass of the material, and started to make some headway on the Q-bank. When I returned to West LA, I avoided the stacks. My room became my cave. The days were spent hunched-over in front my computer, doing questions, questions, and more questions until I developed UWorld-burnout to go along with First-Aid-burnout. I tweak my back from poor posture; I developed a mild fungal infection on my left elbow. At this point my body hated me and I was ready to get the SOA over with.

There were times during the process when evil little thoughts tempted me to postpone my test date. “Anthony, you could do better if you had an extra week.” “Anthony, there is so much more high yield material to go over.” Now that I’ve taken the exam, I could not imagine the unnecessary suffering I would have put myself through. I accepted the gaps in my knowledge. And as Chuck C told me, I had to “trust the preparation.”

The preparation was both hellish and useful. The experience forced me to work really hard for a substantial amount of time. And while I worked hard, I tried harder to keep sight of the bigger picture: life will go on after the test. The SOA wasn’t fun, but there people out there who are having much less fun all the time. Let’s count our blessings, folks.

Alzheimer Disease - "earlyonset" and new therapies

NYTimes has a popular piece about an extended family, ravaged by early-onset (earlyonset) Alzheimer Disease and how a study using vaccines and anti-amyloidogenic medications is attempting to see whether early interventions might affect disease course.  Given how difficult the disease has been to treat thus far, I'm not terribly optimistic about the current studies.  But in order to get to the promised land of developing treatments that dramatically affect outcomes, sometimes the best researchers can do is continue to soldier on.  At the very least, new insights are sure to emerge...

One year??!

In T-minus one year, I will be finished with my PhD and heading back to the clinical side of things.  I got to thinking about this at a BBQ tonight at a collaborator/thesis committee member's house.  Several of us graduate students were shooting the research-shit -- how many papers, how long will it take, how little we know.

I will have my PhD in one year's time, but do I really have the mind of a scientist?  At this point, I can't help but think how woefully inept I am at planning, executing, analyzing, and proposing scientific studies.  Though I've come leaps and bounds about how to think about science (so much of it seems like OBVIOUS common sense, so much else of it seems uncertain and difficult to grasp), I still feel as though I don't know shit.  Maybe that means I actually am on the path, and that I've made much progress.  Perhaps; time will tell.

Failing trials...

Gov't sponsored cancer drug trials are doing it wrong, big time.

To me, this issue is fairly complex and does not just simply boil down to the need for a "better managed and funded" system.  It requires a fundamental change in the way drugs are developed, evaluated, and then applied to certain disease states.

Treating the scars of war

Warrior transition units for members of the U.S. armed services are rife with problems.

Posting slow-down

I've been slammed by work in the past few days, dealing with many time-sensitive issues (a rarity in research).  More posting...and soon.

Nothing to see here, folks...

...nothing to see.

(h/t: A.Z.)

Change we can believe in

President Obama has instructed his HHS secretary, Kathleen Sebelius, to develop rules that enable patients to appoint "visitors" with the same rights and privileges as family members, and hospitals may not go against the will of the patient on the basis of "race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability."

It warms me to see our President doing something about an issue that has tormented same-sex couples for as long as they and their partners have been faced with medical issues.

Regardless of how one feels personally about the issue, no one can deny that the patient possesses autonomy in who he or she designates to be the equivalent of "next of kin."

Because to not do this, we are systematically denying patients a fundamental right.

Photo at Capitol, 3-21-2010

As promised, and as much for my own recollection down the road as for anyone's enjoyment at the present, here is photo my sister took of me, just about an hour before the house passed health care reform on 3-21-2010.

Infections persist

Hospital-acquired infections -- and all of the expense, morbidity, and mortality associated with them -- aren't yet under control.

A great NYTimes blog to check out

The New Old Age blog on the NYTimes is an outstanding resource, both for persons who care for or have elderly people who are a regular part of their lives AND for anyone going into the medical or related fields.  Two recent posts, one on drivers with varying degress of dementia and another on the aging drinker are must-reads.

Agriculture report

Too much of a good thing tends to be problematic.  A normal equilibrium is disrupted, and it is difficult to predict what may happen.  This is one of the problems with genetically-modified crops, though it's not completely clear-cut.  The future of genetic modification in agriculture is very much uncertain, and the benefits and drawbacks are fiercely debated at the present.  Read this for more.

On the flip side, there are about 1 billion under-nourished persons on the planet.  With lower crop yields in areas particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change, that number promises to increase, perhaps by as much as 230% by 2050, without substantial increases in crop yields elsewhere in the world.  Read this for more. (Subscription to Science may be required.)

H1N1 - it's all in the structures

A new report published in Science lays out the structural basis (in the antigen hemagglutinin) for the marked similarity between the "Spanish Flu" H1N1 of 1918 and the "Swine Flu" H1N1 of 2009.  Most notably, the antibody response to the 1918 strain confers immunity to the 2009, and the structural basis of this is shown in the study.  Awesome!  (Subscription required to read the full text.)

This week's least surprising story

Let me understand this: researchers who were paid by a pharmaceutical company developing a particular treatment were more likely to report positively on the drug's effects on patients.  Shocking.  And I'm not saying the relationships/reasons are totally obvious, either.  But to me, this is similar to how people who study a particular protein and, say, get the bulk of their grant money for studying that protein, are likely to publish studies stating how important protein x is.  I wrote about this back in 2008.

The road ahead is well traveled

Second year of medical school is nearly over. Finals will be done this Wednesday. Assessment Week will end on April 23. Boards are scheduled for June 4. Wow, how time has flown by.

To celebrate the first two years of medical school, our class hosted a little shindig atop the hills of Westwood, with free booze and food and some speeches. The event was not bitter-sweet. I feel ready to move on. Perhaps the sentiment will change. Maybe not.

Don’t get me wrong: I’ve thoroughly enjoyed my two years in medical school. I could not have asked more from my peers and mentors. I’ve grown in a comfortable environment. While the curriculum was not perfect, it was good. If I had to enter my third year of medical school, I feel like I would be ready. I’m on my way to adult-like responsibilities that are real and serious. Strange.

I don’t know what to expect of graduate school. But I am mentally ready. I am mentally ready to finish the year strong with boards, a break, and research. I’ll take more classes and do more research. I’ll stop taking the classes and continue research until I’ve completed enough to resume MS3. The granular roadmap is in place. Now it is time to fill in the details.

I’m trying not to get ahead of myself. First things first: i.e. 1) study hard through finals and until boards, and 2) stay healthy by a) exercising, b) eating well, c) sleeping, and d) valuing my relationships.

The road ahead is well traveled with a lot of trails. A picture of my path is attached below.

Would you prescribe a hallucinogen...

... for depression or other psychiatric conditions? Timothy Leary thought it was a good idea. “Turn on, tune in, drop out.” The rest is history.

There are three types of hallucinogens: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. Ketamine is a dissociative used to induce and maintain general anesthesia (even in pediatrics). Ketamine is widely abused. Ketamine’s cousin, PCP (aka angel dust), is also an NMDA antagonist.

Drugs exist, can have medical purposes, and are used recreationally when accompanied by curious effects. Ketamine is an example. So is morphine. So is dextroamphetamine. The list goes on, and a lot of the drugs are psychoactive.

It’s old hat: people develop addiction to drugs and behaviors that are legal and illicit. Some drugs feed and burn-out the nucleus acumbens faster and more effectively than others. Some drugs have a greater social cost. Why are some drugs legal and others not? It’s a combination of the abovementioned questions and more issues (e.g.. social norms, social histories, etc., etc.) that are beyond this over-simplified post.

Now read this article.

The studies are being funded, even here at UCLA (See the second to last paragraph.). What will the research tell us about psilocybin – a partial agonist of 5-HT2A and –HT1A (serotonin) receptors – and its potential use in psychiatric conditions; who knows. Let’s remember, though, that in Leary’s day, functional imagining did not exist, high-throughput sequencing did not exist, evidence-based medicine was not a la mode.

Get over taboos, and let the evidence speak for itself.

The here, the now

I spoke with my younger sister today, and as usual, she had a wonderful thought for a Sunday afternoon (obviously paraphrased):

There is no need to stew over who we might become, what we might do, and where we might go in the minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years ahead. What we have at the present is more than enough to sustain us. The moment in which we live is the most important one.

These are especially timely words, both for those who ponder their next steps -- all you re-visiters out there, persons in flux within their ongoing schooling (e.g. transition to PhD phase), and everyone else, wherever they find themselves -- and those of us attempting to extract meaning and peace in the present. It truly is all about the here, and the now. Life pulses along.

That's what I'm talking about

Doctor and writer, Atul Gawande, proposes that we all have a role in determining whether health care reform is successful. He also offers some historical lessons from the early days post-Medicare passage.

Health Care Reform REDUX

Finally, I present my run-down of the last year's events leading to the passage of the Affordable Health Care for America Act. So, the bullet-ed run-down:

*About one year ago, early in his first term in office, President Barack Obama laid out an ambitious goal: to have health care reform passed before the end of his first year in office.

*He wanted it to be hopey, changey, and bipartisany. Mistake number 1.

*So, in the Senate, a "Gang of Six" -- Max Baucus (Mont.), Jeff Bingaman (N.M.) and Kent Conrad (N.D.); and GOP Sens. Charles Grassley (Iowa), Mike Enzi (Wyo.) and Olympia Snowe (Maine) -- was assembled. The thought was that if bipartisan ideas went into the legislation (WHICH THEY DID), both parties would be able to vote for the bill. Mistake number 2.

*The "Gang" stalled and stalled, got nothing substantive done before the summer recess. Giant Mistake number 1.

*Media, special interests, opposed legislators, and any and all saboteurs-de-healthcare descended on the "Summer of Townhall Hell" where angry constituents admonished their democractically-leaning colleagues for hinting that they were supporting A) Death Panels, B) Health Care rationing, C) The Government interfering with Medicare, D) Mandatory and state-sponsored abortions, E) Defying the will of a minority of elected officials (Republicans), F) All of the above, and then some.

*With endless lies, spin, misinformation, and anger widely disseminated by the media, public support for health care legislation began to decline. Recognizing that bills are drafted, debated, voted upon, and passed by the legislature, the White House declined to intervene too much (per its role to sign bills into law and to enforce existing laws of the land). Constitutional role be damned, Giant Mistake number 2.

*Remarkably, despite death panels and major updates on health care reform from such renowned experts and Sarah Palin and Betsy McCaughey, by Christmas legislation had cleared both the House and the Senate. All that was left was for the two bills -- which had similar amounts of spending, deficit reduction, language on abortion, proposed changes to medicare; while differences on excise taxation of Cadillac union healthcare plans and kickbacks for equivocal moderate Democrats' participation -- to be merged in conference, filibuster prevented by 60-member cloture vote, and sent to the President's desk before long.

*Martha Coakley -- Attorney General of the State of Massachusetts -- managed to lose the special election for the Senate seat long held by Ted Kennedy. With Scott Brown, the Republicans had their 41st vote -- enough to successfully filibuster any and all changes to the Senate health care bill after conference committee between the House and Senate. Pundits of all shapes and sizes, party affiliations and persuasions, declared health care reform dead.

*Then, Democrats -- most notably Pres. Obama, who has a knack for coming back from behind (as an example, see this video of him dismantling Clark Kellogg in the presidential version of H-O-R-S-E, aka P-O-T-U-S), grew a pair and remembered how all parties in the majority have tended to use budget reconciliation as a way to bypass the often outdated/overstated/all-too-often-threated filibuster. So, despite objections to the contrary, they put "on the table" budget reconciliation. It came down to this: if the House could pass the Senate Bill verbatim along with another bill making changes to the Senate's bill, then the Senate could pass the changes using budget reconciliation. However, people wondered whether Mr. Obama could support this. He was still giving the impression that "all options were on the table."

*On 29 January, 2010, President Obama schooled the shit out of House Republicans. He showed that, unlike his noble objectors, he had thought through why reform needed to happen, and relatively all at once. He demonstrated that he had anticipated the kinds of questions he would be asked. And when conservative mouthpieces like Fox news cut away, while liberal mouthpieces like MSNBC are so happy it looks like they are scandalously satisfying themselves on air, you know something big has happened. And indeed it had. The rest of what happened was relatively predictable.

*More opposition and rabble-rabbling occurred. The "summit" at the Blair House produced no evidence of consensus or Republican support. And the President continued to look like the adult in the room. And he said, pretty unequivocally, that he was done playing games and he expected health care reform to pass.

*Then, Nancy Pelosi went to work, whipped up the votes over a period of about two months. A few hiccups here, a few there (such as the "deem and pass" almost-debacle which wasn't necessary because it wouldn't have changed anything anyway, but WSJ always seems not to care about the facts), and suddenly, it was down to "just" abortion (yay!) and with a little wrangling here and there an executive order would confirm what was already in the Senate bill to begin with.

*Late in the evening of 3/21/2010, the House passed the Senate Bill, along with some fixes. Two days later, this was signed into law. By the following week, all of the changes were, too, passed into law.

I will post my photo, in front of the Capitol, on 3/21/2010 as soon as I can find it.

The real work of fixing health care -- insurance, delivery, disparities, outcomes, disease management, coverage for everyone, and so on and so forth -- is what comes next. I intend to vigorously follow and post on how this can and will be accomplished.

Many tweaks will be needed, perfection is not a realistic goal, but doing nothing is certainly no option...

It shouldn't begin in the clinic, and that's all right

I can't count how many times I have heard applicants, accepted students, or first year students talk about how "jazzed" they are that the curriculum at a given medical school starts off with "clinical" coursework from "the first day of classes." It's all the rage these days. Why start with your nose in the books when you can begin by actually seeing and treating patients? After all, that's what doctors do, right?

In a quest to meet these expectations, medical schools do everything to be "clinical" from the start: patient interactions begin on day one, medical history-taking is taught before any principles of cardiovascular or pulmonary physiology are explored, every opportunity is taken to emphasize the "clinical" relevance in all aspects of medical education, and small groups are formed ("Problem-Based Learning" [PBL]) to discuss "clinical" cases.

Must. Have. Clinical. Only. Always.

Relax, people.

Let's not kid ourselves. Simply discussing how a topic (say, for instance, the molecular development of a certain type of cancer) relates to a clinical diagnosis (say, a diagnosis of melanoma) does not mean that the curriculum is "clinical." It means it's putting basic scientific curriculum into the proper context. Contextual learning is not clinical learning, and nor should it be. If one were to start Day One of medical school learning the clinical aspects of melanoma, it would mean learning treatment algorithms, the principles of managing Il-2 patients, and the best practices for detecting and treating recurrent lesions. That approach of course wouldn't work if someone has no idea about skin physiology and anatomy, to say nothing of basic cancer biology.

My point is not to dismiss all clinical learning from the beginning. I think that the way in which doctoring/clinical skills are introduced in the first and second years of medical school are hugely beneficial. To be thinking about how a history is taken is a huge asset to how students learn the material.

To dismiss the first two years' physiology, anatomy, pathology, and so on -- in favor of watered down, "clinically-oriented" curriculum -- is to do a disservice both the medical students and the medical school as an institution. There is no substitute for having an understanding of the basic science of medicine. To whatever extent that material can be integrated with clinical examples is both instructive and beneficial. However, when it is replaced or challenged by students, faculty, and administrative powers-that-be with comments to the effect of "we want only the clinical 'high yield' info," core elements of the medical school experience are eliminated. And then everyone loses.

So please, let's refrain from obsessing over whether it's clinical and focus instead on whether the information is integrated, useful and necessary. I would bet all that "basic" science -- anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, molecular biology -- is crucial to the education of the doctors of the future. The algorithms and protocols can wait. The basics need their place in education, too.

Saying "No"

The NYTimes comes through again with an excellent, and succinct(!), piece on how medicine needs more research, more information for patients, and changes to billing/reimbursement that reward quality rather than just quantity of care.

This is the beginning of what I have claimed for a while. Health care reform needs to happen, and then we (as physicians, students, nurses, administrators, patients, families, and so on) need to be part of the change.

And it can be done.

and yes

I still plan to do a big health care reform redux. Perhaps on this Easter Sunday? Later...

The struggle against dying

This profile of Desiree Pardi -- a palliative care specialist who went to extraordinary lengths to stay alive despite incurable, metastatic breast cancer -- points out just how difficult it is for individuals to face their own mortality. Even when it was her job, Dr. Pardi was unable to help herself give up, give in, and go in peace.

Bodies altered

Check out this NYTimes slideshow of "bodies altered in the pursuit of beauty." Haunting, revealing, and worth looking at.

"And yes Mr. Vice President, you're right... "

Listen for yourself.

I will offer a long summary of the run-up to health care reform, but for the time being I am waiting to see whether the Senate will pass the "fixes" through reconciliation. Today, Senator Max Bacus (D-Montanta) suggested that perhaps not all the fixes would pass muster under the "Byrd Rule" which limits what falls under the category of "budgetary" changes [to avoid filibuster, changes to the original senate bill can be only budgetary in nature]. This would mean a potentially painful back-and-forth between the House and Senate. However, lots of things Bacus (and other Senators for that matter) have said to this point haven't turned out to be true. So who knows? Besides, the Senate bill (fury over "kickbacks" to poor people needing health coverage aside) is pretty damn good on its own. So I still think this is all good. But now is the time for the real work to begin.

It is done...(now the Senate can finish)...

In my final hours in our nation's capitol, the major hurdle - the House passing the Senate bill plus reconciliation fixes - to health care reform passing has been cleared. The Democrats (because of the leadership of the president and of the party) finally did what they promised: health care reform is not a goal. It is a reality.

More thoughts to come (and my photos in front of the Capitol Rotunda).

This is a moment.

Now is the time for us all to take charge in making health care better in the United States. Thanks to the Congress, we now have a fighting chance.

Close!

I'm here in DC, preparing anxiously for a celebration (FINGERS CROSSED) that will happen if the U.S. Congress finally grows a pair and passes reform. More to come, but it's very likely I will go over to the Capitol Rotunda later and snap a photo to celebrate the most important passage of Health Care reform since the birth of Medicare decades ago.

Do it!

the equinox

I woke up this morning and realized that my bedroom’s sliding glass door was wide open. I left the door open, put on a tank top and pair of shorts, ate my breakfast, and had an amazing “commute” to school on my bike. The sun was really sunny. The breeze was really breezy.

If yesterday and today and tomorrow are signs of what is to come – when spring is in full swing and the fever is full blown – then Yippee-ki-yay. Spring is going to be nice. Summer will be nice too. But winter wasn’t that bad. Sure we had some rain, some wind, and some cloudy days in LA. But let’s celebrate anyway: the good, the slow, and the non-idyllic times passed. Let’s take a moment and appreciate everything wonderful around us. This Saturday the earth and sun will dance, like they have been for more years than I count, and at 1:32 PM EDT they will pause to change hands. The sun’s leading the earth, but it takes more than one (us included!) to tango.

Exercise is good, mmmmkay

Read this nice and tidy round-up of some of the research suggesting how good exercise is for people, particularly as they age. Somewhat of an obsessive fitness freak, I find this to be validation of my current lifestyle. Note that just about every organ system, as well as physiological and pathophysiological process, is affected for the better by exercise.

New Rule, ctd.

Another new one:

If there will be drastic cuts in education spending, then there should also be cuts in Medicare spending.

Fair is fair.

"Let's Get it Done"

President Obama today, flanked by white coat and scrubs-clad medical professionals, said that the time for debating and floundering is over and it's time to pass a comprehensive health care reform bill -- one that he looks forward to signing into law.

Could this be the beginning of the end of the clusterf*&* of HCR, for now? We shall see.........